Apparatus for refining liquids and gases.



I. N WINGE'II.

APPARATUS FOR REFINING LIQUIDS AND GASES.

APPLICATION FILED uIIE 2I. l9l5. 1,229,189.

Patented Junefi, 19w.

5 SHEETSSHEET I.

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Ell mentor QXR MI mow SIM/OCH Tot if??? Patented June 5, 1917. 5SHEETS-SHEET 2.

L' N. WfNGETT.

APPARATUS FOR REFINING LIQUIDS AND GASES. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21,1915.

witness) 1. N. wmem.

APPARATUS FOR REFINING LIQUIDS AND GASES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2|, 1915.

1 ,Q29, 1 9, Patented June 5, 1917. 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3,.

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U I I awucufoz wIbmeoam v I N. WINGETT.

APPARATUS FOR REFINING LIQUIDS AND GASES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2!, 1 915. 1,229,189.

Patented June 5, 1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

51m 00 n foz cZVZ/ 4 aw??? after/"e13 Qxh'tmeoo o J. N. WINGETT.APPARATUS FOR REFINING uoums AND GASES.

APPLICATlON FILED JUNE 2!, I915- y Patented June 0, 1917.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5- "WING-RTE, CE IDEHVEE, COLGRADQ, ASSIGNQE '10 WARREI'K.Q. HA'RGGUTEE- TRUSTEE, GF BEN V BE, COLORADO.

AEARATU3 FOR REFENING LIQUIDS AND GASES.

original application filed lip-r11 28, 1915. Serial No. 23,321. Dividedand. this Serial lilo. 35,5338.

To all wlzwn Hilly concern H. it: known that l. John N. WINGETT,citizen. of the United (clinics, residiugin c oily and eouniy of Denver.and State (.olorzulo, have invented certain new and mini improvements inAppumtus for Rein Liquids and Gases; and. l do declare The "following lohe a full, clear, and exact :ription oi the invention, such as willenl-e o'filiers skilled in the art to which it apeitsins to melee anduse she some, referbeing l'md tothe accompanying drawend to thecharacters of reference -ed thereon. which form ii part of this iceiion.lliis invention relates to an apparatus for refining or compounding oilsand other liqulds, fluids and One of the objects of she "invention is toprovidemeans whereby rah-Kl Hill) ll'S various the mom! of heat so thatthe verlous'grades of llni the substance to be distilled, refined orsepapores, is sub ected to vnporized or seoerated according nousspecific grsviliies. I

iel llo. 2532i. filed April 23,

" enlitled Process and apparatus for ouids end gases.

' will in the aforesaid application.

is relates more specifically so or inani'lflueiuring petroleum others,

gesolene or hydrocarlilon product's of sterling with any of filie folrof supply but of such gravity time they do 110$ respond or d. to or arenot ignited by an -i or by such other means oi" ign are usually employedto ignite iilfl'Ol, giisolene end the like when used for purposes ofmotive power in internal comhe lien or lesion engines a? ordinaryor'irsveiliii" a.tiuoriroheric temperatures. Furihersnore hvdrocm'bons tohe treated are lo lie in :3: liquid or vaporized suite and oxy gen orsome olher gas or gases containing a.

'1 percentage of oxygen is to be mixed .he hydrocarbons by someconvenient mums, as they are injected into i or receptacle forthe'purpose refining; or separating; or the gasor gases rich in oxygenmay Specification of Letters le'tent.

slice is a division of my lip Patented June 5, 391?.

application 111611 June 21, 1915.

he injecled into the retort, still or receptacle where such hydrocarbonsare being treaied after the latter have been raised to as hightemperature. 1

The invention covered by my present upplicetion is a suitable apparatusfor carrying out the process briefly outlined in the precedingparagraph, being one form of me clienicel construction-capable of use inprim tisiii the process. The said upparaibus coinprises generallysneaking, a still or retort in which the material under treatment is v;1porized and separated into the various grades desired; and condensingmeans through the medium of which the vaporized products are transformedor returned to a liquid condition.

Having briefly outlined my present invention I will now proceed todescribe the some in detail reference being made to the occoinpsnyingdrawing in which is illustrated an embodiment; thereof. In this drawingigure 1 is an elevation partly in section of such apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a. vertical longitudinal seczion taken throughihe lower pen;of the retort shown on much larger scale than in Fig. i.

Fig. 3 is e Sllnllfllfilfifl? taken through the upper portion of theretort shown on lhe same scale as Fig. 2. V

Figs. 2 and 3 are made on different sheets the reason that s. singlesheet is not large enough lo illustrate the retort on the scale desired.

Fig. 3: is a horizontal section taken tl'iroug'h the lower part of therotors on the line -fll-,

l 2' looking downwardly.

Fig. 5 is a sectional detail View token through the upper extremity ofone of the pipes located in the combustion chamber of the retort, thesame being shown on a larger scale than in the other views.

Fig. 6 is a cross section taken on the line 66, Fig. 3, lookingdownwardly.

The same reference characters indicate the some parts in all the views.

Let the numeral 5 designate the retort or furnace in Which the heat isgenel-sted for treating the crude petroleum oil or other fluids of thecl eruct'er heretofore indicated. The outer shell 6 of this retort whichis composed of metuhis reinforced intericrly as shown at Tin such amanner as to protect it from the high degree of heat re- B, C, l), E andF, as hereinafter described,

all of which are vertically disposed within the compartment 10 of theretort between the casing 8 and the outer wall 7. The lower extremity ofeach of these pipes is fitted into a tubular part. The lower portiou ofthe pipe'A is in communication with one extremity of a relatively smallpipe 14, whose opposite extremity is connected as shown at with anatomizer or fluid blending device .16 through which the material to betreated may be passed on its Way to the retort, Within this instrument16 oxygen or gas rich in oxygen may be mingled with the crude petroleumoil, for instance, to such an extent as to partially oxidize the same,as heretofore explained. The pipes A and B are connected at the top by atransversely arranged conduit G;. the

pipes B and C are connected at the bottom by a similar conduit-Il thepipes and D are connected at the top by a conduit 1; the

pipes l) and E are connected at the bottom.

by a conduit 3 g the pipes E'and F areconnected at the top by a conduitK; and finally, the pipes F and 9 are connected at the bottom by aconduit L.

In order that this crude petroleum or other fluid may be subjected to adegree of heat suiliciently high for the purpose,'it is caused to travellengthwise of the compression chamber a number of times through themedium of the pipes A, B, (1,.

D, E, F and 9, the said pipes being properly connected at the top andbottom for the purpose as heretofore described; and for this purpose,the fiuirl, as crude petroleum,

after entering the lower partol? the pipe A, as heretofore described,passes upwardly through said p pe, whose upper portion passesthroughjthe top of the retort, from which the fluid passes through theshort connecting pipe G into the upper part of the pipe 13; thencedownwardly through the pipe 13 to the lower extremity thereof and thencethrough the short connecting pipe H to the lower part oi the pipe C;thence upwardly through the pipe C to the upper extremity thereof;thence through the pipe 1 to the upper part of the pipe I); thencedownwardly through said pipe D; thence from the lower portion of thepipe D tl'irough the connecting conduit J to the pipe E; thence upwardlythrough thepipe; E to the top thereof; thence through. the shortconnecting pipe K to the upper ex:

tremity of the pipe F; thence downwardly through the last named pipe tothe lower located a pressure releasing valve 18. The

fluid within the pipe 9 is under such pressure as to open this valve,after which this material passes through an elbow-shaped conduit 19 andthence through a passage 20 formed in a cap 21 which is secured to thetop of the casing 8 by cap screws 22. This passage :20 communicates atits inner extremity with a pipe 23 which isv supported in the upper partof the chamber 4 and with which is connected a receptacle 24 whose wallsare finely perforated as shown at 25 for the escape of the material fedinto the treatment chamber 4 of the retort. By reason of theperforations in the receptacle, the material is further broken up as itenters the said chamber.

Within this chamber is located a hydrometer 55 whose upper extremity isguided by a float 26 and whose lo'wer extremity is pivotally connectedas shown at 27 with a lever 28 which is fulcrumedv at 29, its oppositeextremity being 'pivotally connected as shown at 30 with the lowerendltof rod 31 whose upper extremity is connected as shown at 32 withone extremity of an arm 33 whose opposite extremity is made fast to arock spindle 34,450 which is also secured one extremity of allover 35which is fulcrumed at 36. The opposite arm of this lever has a graduatedmember 37 and a screw 38 upon which is mounted an adjustable indicator39. The outer extremity of this lever arm terminates in a hook 40 withwhich is connected a weight 41. The member 39 is so adjusted withreference to the graduated member 37 as to determine the specificgravity of the liquid which will act upon the hydromcter and raise thesame suliiciently to actuate the lever 35, and close an electric circuitby bringing a contact 42 into engagement (see Fig. 3) with an uppercontact 42. The

closing of this circuit energizes an electro- 37 moves downwardly to aposition the re-.

verse of that shown in Fig. 3, the contact 4: will be brought intoengagement with a.

lower Contact 42 whereby the circuit will be closed through anelectromagnet 43 which will act upon the rod 44 to move the gardless ofthe fluctuations of the float and hydrometer Within the operatingchamber of the retort. As the liquid rises and falls in the chamberij i,the float alsofiuctuates, thus making it practicable to utilize thefloat for controlling the supply of fuel to the combustion chamber. Andfor this purpose, to the upper extremity of this float is rigidlysecured the lower end of a rod 54 Whose upper extremity is pivotallyconnected as shown at 56, with the inner extremity of an arm 57whiclrpasses outwardly through an opening 58 formed in the wall of thecasing'8 and through a small auxiliary casing 59, through whose outerextremity is passed a rockspindie 60. To one of the exposed extremitiesoi this spindle is secured the inner end of a. rock arm 61 to whoseouter extremity is se-' cured a contact 62 having upper and lower}projectiohs 63 and 6 k. Arranged respec'' tively above and below theseprojections are contacts 65 and 66. As the float rises within thechamber 4 as the level of the heavy liquid rises, the arm 61 will belowered to bring the projection 64 into engagement with the contact 66,whereby an electric circuit is {closed through an electromagnet 136,whereby" the armature 68 of the said magnet or solenoid is loweredsuficiently tm further open a valve 69 with which is rigidly connectedone extremity of a crank arm 7 0, the opposite extremity of said armbeing confnected as shown at 71 withthe lower end of .-the armature (38,for thepurpose.

ther o ening of this valve increases the sup- The, furply 0 fuel to thecombustion chamber, as the rise of the liquid in the treatment chambernecessary to lift the float and close the circuit through the magnet137, indicates that more fuel is needed and that a greater proportion ofthe material under treatment should be vaporized. Again, as'the liquidfalls and reaches a suiiiciently low level, the float will fall-andfinally close the circuit through a magnet 67, which will act to movethe armature 68 downwardly and reduce the quantity of fuel supplied tothe combustion chamber by partially closing the valve 69 or returning itto its normal positio The fuel is fed to the combustion chambertreatment within the chamber e1 the from a main supply pipe Y2 andthence into a burner 73 which 1s in communication with the pipe 72through the valve 69 and a,

short pipe member 74:. Again, a branch pipe 7 5 leads downwardly fromthe pipe ?2 and merges at its lower extremity into a pipe 76 whichpasses part way around the retort, its opposite extremity communicatingwith a short pipe member 77 which communicates with a fuel burner 78.ihese bur-1r ers 73 and 78 enter the combustion chamber on oppositesides of the retort and are so arranged that the fuel discharged intothe lower part of the combustion chamber there-- "from is caused to takea circular diri'aotion caused to, mingle with the material u oilswhichare vaporized within the o merit chamber under the influence oi tie highdegree of heat to which the material under treatment is subjected, risewithin the said chamber indicated by the arrow a (see Fig. and act upona checlr valve 82 to open the latter-against the tension of a spring 83which engages the valve pi cc at one'extrcanity and a block 81- at theop nisite extremity, thesaid block being acted on by a tension screw forthe purpose of regulating the tension oi? the spring, that the valve 82will open when the pressure of the vaporized material reaches a desir *dtitlgree. This vapor will then pass through the port normally closed bythe valve 8-2., and thence upwardly as indicated by the arrow 17 (seeFig. 3), into dome C6 composed oi. a number of members 87 8S and 8 the,number of these dome members de 'icnoiug upon the number of grader-5 oflighter oils into which the i'naterial is to be "pal" The lower part ofcuchof these znenbm t, 88 and S9 is provided with an onl: 90 from whichlead conduits fill. respectively, their opposite extremities com--municating with condensers fli 9f and 96, respectively. The conduits 91,92 and 5):;

gases from any desired source,

- under pressure or not, as desired.

The conduits 91, ,92 and 93 are also respectively provided with pipes104, 105 and 106, through .which may be'introduced any desired form ofgases or chemicals from any desired sourcefor deodorizing or for anyother-purpose.

Theconduits 91, 92 and 93 are provided between their cutotf valves andcondensers, with releasing valves 107, 108 and 109,. respectively.

The electric circuits for energizing and deenergizing the magnets 43 and43* will now be described.

From the pole 110 of an electric source 112, a conductor 113 leads tothe contact 12; while from the upper contact 42 a conductor 11% leads toa terminal 115 of the coils 116 of the magnet 43. From the oppositeterminal 117 a conductor 118 leads to a pole 119 of the source,completing the circuit. Again, assuming that the contact 12 is inengagement with the lower cot'iperating contact 42, the circuit maybesaid to pass from the pole 110 of the electric source through theconductor 113 to the contact 42,

thence to the contact 12? ,thence through a conductor 120 toatermii1-l-121of the coils 122 of the electroniagnet 43?- From theopposite terminal 123 of the coils of this magnet a short conductor 1241leads to the conductor 118 through which the current passes to the pole119, completing the circuit when the contacts 42 and 42 are inengagement.

The circuits of the magnets for regulating the valve 69 in the pipe 72for supplying fuel to the retort, will now be described. If

we assume that the contact 62 is in engagement with the cooperatingcontact 65, the current may be said to pass from a pole 125 of anelectric source 126, thence through a conductor 127 to i the contact 62,thence through the contact .65 to a conductor 128 and thence through thelatter to a terminal 129 of the coil 130 of the magnet 67; while fromthe opposite terminal .131 of this coil, a

' conductor 132 leads to the opposite pole 133 of the source, completingthe circuit.

Again, if it be assumed that the contact 62 is in electricalengagementwith the lower coiiperating contact 66, the current may besaid to pass from the electric source 'throu' h the conductor 127 tothe, contact 62, thence through the contact 66 and a conductor 134i to aterminal 135 of the coil 1.36 of the electromagnet 137 while from theoppositeterminal. 138 of this magnet, a short conductor 139 leads to theconductor 132 .through or gases or material- ,chamber a number of times,whereby it is subjected for a considerable time to a high degree ofheat, which necessarily places the lighter portions of the originalcrude petroleum, for instance, into a vaporized condition, after whichit is delivered to the treatment chamber .4: of the retort. In thischamber, which is itself highly heated, the material Will be separatedintp the heavier prod nets and the lighter products, the formerconsisting of heavy liquid which settles in the bottom part of thetreatment chamber, while the lighter products are in a vaporizedcondition and rise within the treatment chamber and pass out of theretort into the dome 86, where the lighter product is separated into anumber of different grades varying in density, the lighter gradespassing to the higher parts of the dome other grades taking differentpositions according to their specific gravities. Suitable conduits areconnected with the dome at different elevations, whereby thesediii'erent products are drawn 011' and conducted to condensers wherethey are returned to liquid form.

During the operation, oxygen or some gas rich in oxygen is introducedinto the mate rial under treatment and this introduction may be at anysuitable stage of the operation'. For instance, oxygen may he mingledwith the product as it is passing through the atomizer 16 andconsequently, before the crude petroleum, for instance, reaches the therespective condensers. in the drawing,

pipes 104, 1015 and are employed for this pug/pose.

y improved apparatus, as set forth in this application, 15 intended tooperate autoand the messes matically. For instance, the hydrometer isconnected with a lever-like device having a graduated arm and anadjustable indicator. whereby this device may be so that when the heavyoil in the bottom of the treatment chamber has reached a given level,the move ment of the hydrometer will close an electric circuit whichwill open a valve in the conduit. &8, whereby this heavy oil will bedrawn oii' continuously from the retort as long as this level ismaintained. But should the heavy oil fall below the normal or desiredlevel, the fall of the hydroineter will close the circuit through themagnet 463", through whose agency the valve t? in the draw-off conduit4.8 will be closed to cut oil the escape of the heavier oil from theretort and during the operation, if there is anundue accumulation of'oil in the treatment :hamber, indicating that a greater temperature isrequired in order to vaporize the required proportion of the materialunder treatment, this accumulation will act upon the float through themedium of which the circuit will be closed through the magnet 137, whichWill act as heretofore described, to further open the valve 69 andincrease the fuel supply accordingly. Again, as the amount of oil Withinthe treatment chamber diminishes to such an extent as to cause the floatto fall therequired distance, the circuit Will he closed through theelectroniagnet (i? which will serve to actuate the valve (39 to cut oila part of the fuel supply. In this way, the supply of fuel to thecombustion chamber of the retort, is automatically regulated.

. At the beginning of the operation, it may be assumed that the valve d7in the pipe 48 is closed, but as the heavier oil. rises to the desiredlevel in the treatment chamber, at Will ai-tnpon the hydrometer to raisethe same and the latter, by virtue of its connection with the lever 35,will close the circuit through the eleotromagnet 43, which will actthrough the arn'iature 4 to open. the valve 47 to the required degreefor dr wing ofi' the'heavy oil from the treatment chamber; but shouldthe accumulation of heavy oil not be suilicient to maintain thehydrometer in the raised position, and should gradually diminish Withinthe treatment chamber, the hydrometer will fall and ct upon the lever 35to close the circuit extent desired. in order to remove am so i 9veluding a retort provided with a centrally through the magnet 43", whi hthe armature 44- to close or the valve 43, as may be required.

The render sers 9h and 96 are in nuiniration through outlet elbows a.draw-oil conduit l-fll, whereby any non- ('ondrnsuble gases or vaporsmay he removed from the condensers.

The pipes A, B, (I, i), E and i the combustion Cllflfillflsi' are eachsupplied at its upper extremity with a tube 14-2. consisting of ascraper clean" which is connected "with the e. of a sleeve .li-l fittedinto t sleeve is connected by means cl. 7 with a rod HG which normallyabove the pipe as shown 1 17 a ing passed through a filing bo \vhiehtheupper extremity of equipped. In order to operate ijhi cleaner, a rod 149may be threi'idcd into the exposed extren'iity 14-7 oi" the stern, asshown at 150, this rod being of suilicient length to permit the movementof th. tube cl through the tube its entire length or to the orrs "noects nirnt or accumulations which othe wise would have a "tendency tostop the llach oi. these pipes, except the r connected the inlet pipeW111i vided at its lower extremity 'iviun plug 151, which may be removedfor purpose of allowing the loosened "ioreig inaierial to escape.

What 1 claim is: a

1. Apparatus of the class described, ineluding a retort provided withtreatment chamber, ahydronieter therein, an outlet conduit connectedwith the. treatment chainber for drawing oil the heavier oils, valve[herein normally closed, and an operative mnnection between thehydrmuetcr and the valve lor automatically controlling the lat ler asthe gravity of the oil fluctuates in t 1.. treatment chamber.

2. Apparatus of the class in cribed inchuling a retort provided witla.treatment chamber, a hydroineter therein, an outlet conduit connectedwith the trea'in ent Chill!!- ber for drawing oil." the heavi ,r Olly, avalve therein normally closed; an operative conneciion between thehydrometer and the valve for automatically controllin t lat ter as thegi'uvitylo'f the oil fluctuates in treatment chamber, said meansincluding an eleij'tromagnet device, a circuit in which 3317 said deviceis located, a lever connected with the liydroineter, and acircuit-1nahc-andbreak device coiiperating with Never.

l. Apparatus of the class dos relied; in

located treatment chamber surrounded by a combustion chamber, means rorajeeding the material to be treated through the cornof the treatmentchamber bustion chamhei to the treatment chamber,

a hydrometer within the treatment chamber, a conduit connected with thebottom of the treatment chamber for drawing oil the heavy oil product, avalve in said conduit, and an operative connection between thehydrometer and the valve for automatically controlling the latter as thegravity of the oil fluctuates in the treatmentchamber.

4; Apparatus of the class described including a retort provided'with acentrally located treatment chamber surrounded by a combustion chamber,.means for feeding the material to be treated through the combustionchamber to the treatment'chamber, a hydrometer within the treatmentchamher, "a conduit connected with the bottom of the treatment chamberfor drawing oil the heavy oil product, a valve in said conduit, anerative connection between the hydrometer and the valve forautomatically controlling the latter as the gravity of the oilfluctuates ,in' the treatment chamber, said connection including a leverhavingone arm connected in operative relation with the an electromagnetdevice, a cir hydrometer, cuit in which the device is located, and acircuit-make-and-break device coiiperating with the other arm of thelever.

5. Apparatus of the class described. comprising a retort, a-treatmentchamber there in, a conduit connected with the lower part for drawingoff heavy oils, avalve in said conduit, means for controlling saidvalve, including a hydrometer located within the treatment chamber, alever having one arm connected in operative relation with said chamber,elec tromagnet devices arranged in opposing relation and connected inoperative relation with the valve, and circuit-malte-and-break devicescoiiperating with the opposite arm of the lever to alternately close thecircuits of the. electromagnet devices as the gravity of the oil risesand falls within the treatment. chamber.

6L In apparatus of the class described, the combination of. a retorthaving a treatment chamber surrounded by a combustion chamber,ahydrometei: inthe treatment chamber, a' lever having one arm connectedin operative relation with the hydrometer, the other arm beinggraduated, adjustably weighted and having a movableindcx, clectrcmagnetdevices arranged to act on the valve in opposing relation, electriccircuits in which said devices are located,,and make-and-break de vicescoiiperating with said graduated lever arm for making and breaking'saidcircuits as the gravity of the oil fluctuates in the treatment chamber.-i

7, The combination ofa retort having a combustion chamber, and atreatmentchamber surrounded by the combustion chamber,

a conduit for supplying fuel tp the combustion chamber, a valve insaitiic'onduit, a I

float in the treatment chamber, an-dperative connection between thefloat and the valve electromagnet devices, circuits in which'saiddevices are located, said devices being connected with the valve inopposing relation,

and.a lever having one arm connected in operative relation with thefloat and circuits" make-and break devices coiiperating with the otherarm of the lever for making and breaking the saidwircuits as the floatrises and falls in the treatment chamber.

8. Apparatus of the class described comprising a retorthaving atreatment chamber surrounded by 'a combustion chamber, means for feedingthe the treatment chamber through the combustion chamber, through themedium of a pipe system located Within the combustion chanr her, aseparating dome-extending upwardly from the retort, a spring-held valveadapted to open under pressure to allow volatilized products to passinto the said dome, conduitsconnected with the dome at diiierent heightsat one extremity, and condensers with which the other extremities ofsaid conduits are connected.

Apparatus of the class described comprising a retort having a treatmentchamber surrounded by a combustion chamber, means for feeding thematerial to be treated into the treatment chamber through the combustionchamber, through the medium of a pipe system located within thecombustion chamher, a separating dome extending upwardly from theretort, a spring-held valve adapted to-open under pressure to allowvolatilized products to pass into the saidfidome, corn duits connectedwith the dome at diiierent heights at one extremity, condensers withwhich the other extremities of said conduits are connected, and meansfor introducing oxygen into material under treatment at different stagesof the operation.

10. Apparatus oi-the class described comprising a retort having atreatment chamber surrounded by a combustion chamber, means for feedingthe material to be treated into the treatment chamber through thecombustion chamber, through. the medium of a pipe system located withinthe combustion chamber, a separating dome extending upwardly from theretort, a valve set to open under predetermined pressure to allowvolatilized products to pass into the said. dome, conduits connectedwith the domeat diiierent heights at one extremity, condensers withwhich the other extremities of said conduits are connected, and meansfor introducing ferent stages of the operation.

material to be treated into 11] Apparatus of the class describedyinderany predetermined pressure to allow the 10 eluding a retort havingacombustion ch'm material to pass from the conduit to the ber, atreatment chamber surrounded by the treatment chamber. combustionchamber,v and means for intro- In testimony whereof I afiix my signature5 ducing the material. to be treated into the in presence of twoWitnesses. v

. treatment chamber, said means including a JOHN N WIN GEflT.

conduit. passing through the combustion Witnesses:

chamber and a valveb'etween said conduit A. J. OBRLEN, and treatmentchamber and set to open un- A. EBERT OBRLE-N.

